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1
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Taoist Philosophical Naturalism and the Culture of
Chu
This paper argues that the Taoist tradition of
philosophical naturalism was an indigenous outgrowth
of the southern culture of Chu, thus disputing the
long-lived legend about its founder, Lao Dan, being
steeped in the learning of Zhou in the north. Its
development is seen as a humanistic movement charting
a course of distinctive philosophical wisdom, steering
clear of the Scylla of archaic religiosity and the
Charybdis of Confucian moralism.
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Kuang Mei
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2
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Wuse (物色): An Important Critical Concept of the
Chinese Lyric Tradition
This paper attempts to explore the formation of the
term wuse (物色, the appearances of things) as a concept
of literary theory, which first appeared in Liu Xie’s
Wen Xin Diao Long (文心雕龍). For a long time, critics
have confused the concepts of wuse and ganwu (感物,
stirring-and-response), and overlooked the important
role that wuse played in the development of the Chinese
lyric tradition. By comparing ways of looking at scenery
and poets’ attitude towards scenery in ganwu poetry and
landscape poetry, the paper tries to make a distinction
between these two critical concepts. Furthermore, by
tracing the use of the word se (色) in ancient
literature, the author finds that Buddhist Phenomenalism
seems to have triggered the sense of “scenery” in this
word. The paper analyzes the relationship between this
sense of “scenery” in se and the concept of wuse, and
demonstrates the significance of the concept of wuse in
Chinese literary criticism.
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Zhang, Jing
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3
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A Chronological and Political Analysis of Han Yu’s “In
Praise of Zi Chan’s Preserving Local Schools”
There have been various theories on when and why Han Yu
wrote “In Praise of Zi Chan’s Preserving Local Schools.”
This paper attempts to answer these questions by
examining historical records, Han Yu’s poems, and the
social and political background of his time. The reign
of Emperor De of the Tang dynasty was known for “turning
a deaf ear to the ills of the times,” “dictatorial
rule,” and “indifference to problems of the people.”
This and other facts suggest the date of authorship to
be between the year Zhenyuan eleven (A.D. 795) and
Zhenyuan 20 (A.D. 804), with the most likely time being
the winter of Zhenyuan 15 (A.D. 799) or slightly
thereafter. Not long before then, the students of the
Imperial College beseeched the emperor to retain the
wise Yang Cheng as prime minister. It was also then that
Han Yu went to the capital to convey New Year felicities
on behalf of the governor of Xuzhou. He witnessed the
government’s high-handed suppression of public opinion
and felt deeply saddened that the emperor not only
failed to listen to the vox populi, but also failed to
retain Yang Cheng. This is most likely why he praised
the wise ruler during the Chun-Qiu Period, Zi Chan, as
“a model leader.” He mentions Zi Chan’s preserving local
schools and respecting elders (both being sources of
public opinion), inviting advice, and the evil King Li’s
censorship of public opinion in the Zhou dynasty. It is
clear that he wrote in order to urge Emperor De to
reverse his policy. Han Yu’s purpose was definitely more
than the promotion of education. He also meant to
admonish the emperor, satirize the succeeding prime
minister, venerate the former one, and maybe even
commemorate Lu Zhi.
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Fang, Chieh
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4
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Textual Research on the Original Characters of Chinese
Dialects and Ancient Chinese Lianmian Doublets
This paper discusses the phenomenon of original
characters for terms in Chinese dialects also appearing
as one of the characters in lianmian doublets in Ancient
Chinese. First, we show that the character dong (?I
or懂) in the lianmian (聯綿) doublet meng-dong (懵?I,
with the second character sometimes appearing as 懂) is
rarely used independently. We argue that dong in Ancient
Chinese (with meanings of “a muddled mind” and “to
understand”) and in Chinese dialects (with meanings of
“muddled mind,” “slow-witted,” “not thought out,” and
“rashly done”) are in fact the same word with two
opposite meanings. Next, we discuss the term paizi ( 子,
cripple), which is common to southern dialects. We argue
that the original character for pai was not the second
character in the lianmian doublet jibai (蹟 ). Rather,
we show that it corresponds to the character bo ( (?J))
from the Middle Chinese gege (歌戈) rhymes, as this word
and many others from this rhyme are pronounced with the
vowel “ai” in the vernacular pronunciations of southern
dialects and are cognate with the word bo (跛) in a
number of dialects. As these two examples show, of the
two words making up lianmian doublets in Ancient
Chinese, at least one of which, while not being able to
be used independently in the koine, could be used alone
in Chinese dialects. Also, the two words making up
lianmian doublets in dialects could be used with a
certain degree of freedom, sometimes combining to make
up rhyming two-syllable words. From this we can derive a
methodology for finding the original characters for
words in Chinese dialects. First, one should determine
which rhymes, or endings, the words would most likely
have and then search for the original character within
that scope. If the original character is the one that
appears in a lianmian doublets, it would be best to give
at least one example of the character being used alone.
It would also strengthen the argument to show that the
character has cognates in other dialects. Finally, we
point out that future research in this area should take
into consideration lianmian doublets in both Ancient
Chinese and dialects and rhyming two syllable words,
with particular attention being paid to whether they
have undergone the process of lexicalization, how the
two words making up the doublet are used, and the
stability of initial series (the motivation for
meaning).
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Hsu, Fang-min
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5
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The Early Qing Political Process and the Historical
Significance of Regulating Immigrants Domicile
Registration in Taiwan
Early Qing policies on the governance of Taiwan has
been regarded as a important issue for nearly one
hundred years, ever since In? Yoshinori first started
researching it. Since then, similar studies have emerged
massively; however, scholars rarely examine the
practical issues regarding the domicile of Han
immigrants from South China to Taiwan and how the
administration of those areas from which inhabitants had
left influenced policies on the governance of Taiwan. In
Kangxi 51 (1712), the first regulation of immigrants
domicile registration in Taiwan was recorded in Qing
huidian shili (Qing Institutions and Laws). Discussing
this regulation would allow us to re-establish how Qing
administration processed the regulation and thus
ascertain its historical significance. The regulation of
immigrants domicile instituted between Kangxi 50-59
resulted from attempts by Qing Administration to
regularize Taiwan society, which had been transformed by
the influx of immigrants and plain cultivating at the
same time, some thirty years after Qing took control of
Taiwan in Kangxi 22 (1683). Meanwhile, a group of
bureaucratic magistrates and local elites in the Fujian
Zhangpu territory were influential in Taiwan affairs and
policies, even though they were not directly involved in
the governing of Taiwan. Different from the mainstream
policies, their insight on Taiwan influenced Taiwan
affairs from the Zhu Yigui Rebellion in late Kangxi
period, up to the Yongzheng period.
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Li, Wen-liang
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6
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The Harmony of the Soul
It is often held by scholars that Plato’s notion of the
tripartite soul makes him unable to give an account of
the unified soul or personality. The aim of this paper
is to tackle this problem by proposing the following
three views: first, Plato’s account of the soul would
not commit him to the view that within the each part of
the soul there are sub-divisions; second, the unity and
harmony of the soul could not be achieved by violence
and conversation, but by education. Finally, by
exploring Plato’s education programme in The Republic we
can see that it is the only efficient means for bringing
the three parts into harmony, and makes them one instead
of many
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Hsu, Hsei-yung
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7
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History as the History of Thought: The Meaning and
Limitation of Collingwood’s Thesis
Collingwood’s famous statement that all history is the
history of thought is analyzed in this paper. It is
argued that, for Collingwood, to understand history is
to re-enact the historical agent’s thought; that is, the
valid practical reasoning through which the agent
determines his actions. As a consequence, some states of
affairs that are generally regarded as objects of the
historical narrative are thereby excluded from the
horizon of historical understanding.
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Shi, Weimin
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8
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The Mythos of a Sinologist: On the Self-image of Peter
Kien in Canetti’s Die Blendung
This article focuses on the protagonist Peter Kien in
Elias Canetti’s novel Die Blendung (Auto da fe) and aims
at analyzing his title “the First Sinologist.” Through a
detailed examination of his so-called “academic
accomplishments,” this article proves that his “academic
status” established in the novel is not objective
information from the narrator about the fictional world,
but megalomania (Grosenwahn) of Peter Kien self. By
explaining the historical background and psychological
factors behind this figure’s becoming a sinologist, this
article hereby indicates that the traditional
interpretation of the history of ideas
(Geistesgeschichte), which sees Peter Kien as an
archetype of the intellectual, has a blind spot.
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Chang, Yau-chin
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9
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English-Only/Official vs. Bilingual
Education/Bilingualism: A Critical Examination of
Language Policy and Language Planning in the United
States
Linguistic diversity, a phenomenon that has existed in
the United States since the beginning of its history as
a nation, has become a highly contentious issue in
recent decades. As a result of the continuous
controversies over English-only/Official vs. bilingual
education/bilingualism, language policy and planning
have often come to the forefront of political debates in
the United States. This paper critically examines U.S.
language controversies within several dominant
theoretical frameworks of language planning and policy.
The examination indicates that under the tremendous
impact of the dominant language-as-problem orientation,
standard English, and English monolingualism, U.S.
language policy is largely restrictive in nature, and
heavily encumbered by politics and ideology. The real
agendas underlying the language policy debates of the
early 21st century are not about language per se;
rather, they are more about immigration. Specifically,
the source of language controversies lies in the more
fundamental problems regarding social stratification and
inter-ethnic competition, rather than the increased
language diversity in the contemporary American society.
This paper concludes with several proposed avenues to
shape a more supportive and positive language policy in
the U.S..
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Hsu, Wen-hsien
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