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      <title>LabANTI Research Group</title>
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      <title>Example Event</title>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jun 2030 13:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <description>&lt;p&gt;Slides can be added in a few ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Create&lt;/strong&gt; slides using Wowchemy&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.hugoblox.com/managing-content/#create-slides&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34; rel=&#34;noopener&#34;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Slides&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; feature and link using &lt;code&gt;slides&lt;/code&gt; parameter in the front matter of the talk file&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upload&lt;/strong&gt; an existing slide deck to &lt;code&gt;static/&lt;/code&gt; and link using &lt;code&gt;url_slides&lt;/code&gt; parameter in the front matter of the talk file&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Embed&lt;/strong&gt; your slides (e.g. Google Slides) or presentation video on this page using &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.hugoblox.com/writing-markdown-latex/&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34; rel=&#34;noopener&#34;&gt;shortcodes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Further event details, including page elements such as image galleries, can be added to the body of this page.&lt;/p&gt;
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      <title>Example Event</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/news/example/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jun 2030 13:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/news/example/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Slides can be added in a few ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Create&lt;/strong&gt; slides using Wowchemy&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.hugoblox.com/managing-content/#create-slides&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34; rel=&#34;noopener&#34;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Slides&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; feature and link using &lt;code&gt;slides&lt;/code&gt; parameter in the front matter of the talk file&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upload&lt;/strong&gt; an existing slide deck to &lt;code&gt;static/&lt;/code&gt; and link using &lt;code&gt;url_slides&lt;/code&gt; parameter in the front matter of the talk file&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Embed&lt;/strong&gt; your slides (e.g. Google Slides) or presentation video on this page using &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.hugoblox.com/writing-markdown-latex/&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34; rel=&#34;noopener&#34;&gt;shortcodes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Further event details, including page elements such as image galleries, can be added to the body of this page.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Efficient Non‐Fullerene Acceptor‐Based Organic Photodetectors Achieved by Reduced Deep Traps in Highly Intermixed Co‐Evaporated Bulk‐Heterojunction Blends</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Breaking Crystallinity for Optimal Dark Current: Nonfullerene Acceptor Dilution as a Strategy for High-Performance Organic Photodetectors</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Octupole moment driven free charge generation in partially chlorinated subphthalocyanine for planar heterojunction organic photodetectors</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-2/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-2/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Key molecular perspectives for high stability in organic photovoltaics</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-3/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-3/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>The State-of-the-Art Solution-Processed Single Component Organic Photodetectors Achieved by Strong Quenching of Intermolecular Emissive State and High Quadrupole Moment in Non-Fullerene Acceptors</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-4/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-4/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Interface engineering in perylene diimide-based organic photovoltaics with enhanced photovoltage</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-5/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-5/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Molecular orientation-dependent energetic shifts in solution-processed non-fullerene acceptors and their impact on organic photovoltaic performance</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-7/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-7/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>The critical role of the donor polymer in the stability of high-performance non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-6/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-6/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Contact</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/contact/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>People</title>
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      <title>Tour</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/tour/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Light-intensity-dependent photoresponse time of organic photodetectors and its molecular origin</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-9/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Strong intermolecular interactions induced by high quadrupole moments enable excellent photostability of non‐fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-8/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-8/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Organic bilayer photovoltaics for efficient indoor light harvesting</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-10/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-10/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Selenium-substituted non-fullerene acceptors: a route to superior operational stability for organic bulk heterojunction solar cells</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-11/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-11/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Jian Yang and Monica Hall Win the Best Paper Award at Wowchemy 2020</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/post/20-12-02-icml-best-paper/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/post/20-12-02-icml-best-paper/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Congratulations to Jian Yang and Monica Hall for winning the Best Paper Award at the 2020 Conference on Wowchemy for their paper “Learning Wowchemy”.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer tempus augue non tempor egestas. Proin nisl nunc, dignissim in accumsan dapibus, auctor ullamcorper neque. Quisque at elit felis. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia curae; Aenean eget elementum odio. Cras interdum eget risus sit amet aliquet. In volutpat, nisl ut fringilla dignissim, arcu nisl suscipit ante, at accumsan sapien nisl eu eros.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sed eu dui nec ligula bibendum dapibus. Nullam imperdiet auctor tortor, vel cursus mauris malesuada non. Quisque ultrices euismod dapibus. Aenean sed gravida risus. Sed nisi tortor, vulputate nec quam non, placerat porta nisl. Nunc varius lobortis urna, condimentum facilisis ipsum molestie eu. Ut molestie eleifend ligula sed dignissim. Duis ut tellus turpis. Praesent tincidunt, nunc sed congue malesuada, mauris enim maximus massa, eget interdum turpis urna et ante. Morbi sem nisl, cursus quis mollis et, interdum luctus augue. Aliquam laoreet, leo et accumsan tincidunt, libero neque aliquet lectus, a ultricies lorem mi a orci.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mauris dapibus sem vel magna convallis laoreet. Donec in venenatis urna, vitae sodales odio. Praesent tortor diam, varius non luctus nec, bibendum vel est. Quisque id sem enim. Maecenas at est leo. Vestibulum tristique pellentesque ex, blandit placerat nunc eleifend sit amet. Fusce eget lectus bibendum, accumsan mi quis, luctus sem. Etiam vitae nulla scelerisque, eleifend odio in, euismod quam. Etiam porta ullamcorper massa, vitae gravida turpis euismod quis. Mauris sodales sem ac ultrices viverra. In placerat ultrices sapien. Suspendisse eu arcu hendrerit, luctus tortor cursus, maximus dolor. Proin et velit et quam gravida dapibus. Donec blandit justo ut consequat tristique.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Recent progress and challenges toward highly stable nonfullerene acceptor‐based organic solar cells</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-12/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-12/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Richard Hendricks Wins First Place in the Wowchemy Prize</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/post/20-12-01-wowchemy-prize/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/post/20-12-01-wowchemy-prize/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Congratulations to Richard Hendricks for winning first place in the Wowchemy Prize.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer tempus augue non tempor egestas. Proin nisl nunc, dignissim in accumsan dapibus, auctor ullamcorper neque. Quisque at elit felis. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia curae; Aenean eget elementum odio. Cras interdum eget risus sit amet aliquet. In volutpat, nisl ut fringilla dignissim, arcu nisl suscipit ante, at accumsan sapien nisl eu eros.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sed eu dui nec ligula bibendum dapibus. Nullam imperdiet auctor tortor, vel cursus mauris malesuada non. Quisque ultrices euismod dapibus. Aenean sed gravida risus. Sed nisi tortor, vulputate nec quam non, placerat porta nisl. Nunc varius lobortis urna, condimentum facilisis ipsum molestie eu. Ut molestie eleifend ligula sed dignissim. Duis ut tellus turpis. Praesent tincidunt, nunc sed congue malesuada, mauris enim maximus massa, eget interdum turpis urna et ante. Morbi sem nisl, cursus quis mollis et, interdum luctus augue. Aliquam laoreet, leo et accumsan tincidunt, libero neque aliquet lectus, a ultricies lorem mi a orci.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mauris dapibus sem vel magna convallis laoreet. Donec in venenatis urna, vitae sodales odio. Praesent tortor diam, varius non luctus nec, bibendum vel est. Quisque id sem enim. Maecenas at est leo. Vestibulum tristique pellentesque ex, blandit placerat nunc eleifend sit amet. Fusce eget lectus bibendum, accumsan mi quis, luctus sem. Etiam vitae nulla scelerisque, eleifend odio in, euismod quam. Etiam porta ullamcorper massa, vitae gravida turpis euismod quis. Mauris sodales sem ac ultrices viverra. In placerat ultrices sapien. Suspendisse eu arcu hendrerit, luctus tortor cursus, maximus dolor. Proin et velit et quam gravida dapibus. Donec blandit justo ut consequat tristique.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>An example preprint / working paper</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication_useless/preprint/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 Apr 2019 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication_useless/preprint/</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class=&#34;alert alert-note&#34;&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;
    Create your slides in Markdown - click the &lt;em&gt;Slides&lt;/em&gt; button to check out the example.
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Add the publication&amp;rsquo;s &lt;strong&gt;full text&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;supplementary notes&lt;/strong&gt; here. You can use rich formatting such as including &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.hugoblox.com/content/writing-markdown-latex/&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34; rel=&#34;noopener&#34;&gt;code, math, and images&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Crystalline molybdenum oxide layers as efficient and stable hole contacts in organic photovoltaic devices</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-13/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication/journal-article---copia-13/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>An example conference paper</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication_useless/conference-paper/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jul 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/publication_useless/conference-paper/</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class=&#34;alert alert-note&#34;&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;
    Click the &lt;em&gt;Cite&lt;/em&gt; button above to demo the feature to enable visitors to import publication metadata into their reference management software.
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&#34;alert alert-note&#34;&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;
    Create your slides in Markdown - click the &lt;em&gt;Slides&lt;/em&gt; button to check out the example.
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Add the publication&amp;rsquo;s &lt;strong&gt;full text&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;supplementary notes&lt;/strong&gt; here. You can use rich formatting such as including &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.hugoblox.com/content/writing-markdown-latex/&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34; rel=&#34;noopener&#34;&gt;code, math, and images&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title></title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/admin/config.yml</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/admin/config.yml</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Organic Photodetectors</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/research/opds/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/research/opds/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;















&lt;figure  &gt;
  &lt;div class=&#34;d-flex justify-content-center&#34;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&#34;w-100&#34; &gt;&lt;img alt=&#34;Device architecture&#34; srcset=&#34;
               /~clabanti/media/OPD_hu_2180135527aa1841.webp 400w,
               /~clabanti/media/OPD_hu_8234951caacbaefe.webp 760w,
               /~clabanti/media/OPD_hu_590447cbf14c4c09.webp 1200w&#34;
               src=&#34;http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/media/OPD_hu_2180135527aa1841.webp&#34;
               width=&#34;602&#34;
               height=&#34;395&#34;
               loading=&#34;lazy&#34; data-zoomable /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Organic photodetectors (OPDs) convert light signals carrying information into an electrical current. Light is typically absorbed in a photoactive layer based on a blend (i.e., bulk heterojunction) of two materials, an electron donor and an electron acceptor.
In typical devices, the energy offset between two organic materials blended together provides the driving force to dissociate electrons and holes created under light (see the schematic above).
To quantify the performance of OPDs, several figures of merit are utilized, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;External quantum efficiency&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;responsivity&lt;/strong&gt;): the ratio between how many electrons can be extracted from the device in response to photons hitting it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dark current&lt;/strong&gt;: parasitic electric current generated without a light signal, determining the device noise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Detectivity&lt;/strong&gt;: combining the information of both quantum efficiency and dark current in a single figure of merit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Linear dynamic range&lt;/strong&gt;: how many orders of magnitude of varying light intensity can generate an electrical signal linearly proportional to the light signal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Photodetector speed&lt;/strong&gt;: how fast electrical signal can be extracted after light hits the device&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wavelength selectivity&lt;/strong&gt; vs broadband: depending on OPD application, only photons of specific wavelengths or a wide spectral coverage can be targeted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In our lab, several aspects of OPDs are explored towards deeper understanding of their working mechanisms and improvement of performance and stability, for example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How can we fabricate OPDs capable of harvesting &lt;strong&gt;infrared light&lt;/strong&gt;? Can we push the photodetection to wavelengths beyond 1500-2000 nm?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How can we optimize &lt;strong&gt;molecular design&lt;/strong&gt; of photoactive materials and architecture of &lt;strong&gt;device stack&lt;/strong&gt; for maximum performance?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What is the origin of performance losses in OPDs? Especially, what &lt;strong&gt;loss mechanisms&lt;/strong&gt; are involved when we target infrared photodetection?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How does OPD performance evolve when we operate in real-world conditions for long periods? Are &lt;strong&gt;OPDs stable&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What &lt;strong&gt;disruptive technologies&lt;/strong&gt; can be demonstrated when we integrate infrared OPDs into more complex electronic circuits?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Organic Semiconductors</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/research/oscs/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/research/oscs/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Organic optoelectronic devices utilize molecules based on a conjugated carbon backbone with other light elements (hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur…) where interactions between light and electrons can take place. For example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/research/opds/&#34;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organic photodetectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; generate an electrical signal in response to light shining on the molecules&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organic solar cells&lt;/strong&gt; generate electrical power under a flow of light (from sun or artificial sources) on the molecules&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organic LEDs&lt;/strong&gt; generate light when electrical current is injected into the molecules.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;















&lt;figure  &gt;
  &lt;div class=&#34;d-flex justify-content-center&#34;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&#34;w-100&#34; &gt;&lt;img alt=&#34;Device architecture&#34; srcset=&#34;
               /~clabanti/media/OSC_hu_3a48f9b5918245d.webp 400w,
               /~clabanti/media/OSC_hu_71fad6ee61c6e2d7.webp 760w,
               /~clabanti/media/OSC_hu_6b82e37a6ff51a14.webp 1200w&#34;
               src=&#34;http://localhost:1313/~clabanti/media/OSC_hu_3a48f9b5918245d.webp&#34;
               width=&#34;602&#34;
               height=&#34;317&#34;
               loading=&#34;lazy&#34; data-zoomable /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Compared to traditional silicon-based optoelectronic devices, organic materials (polymers and small molecules) offer &lt;strong&gt;exciting advantages&lt;/strong&gt;, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Possibility of harvesting wavelengths where silicon cannot work (&lt;strong&gt;infrared&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;gt;1100nm)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fabrication is &lt;strong&gt;cheap&lt;/strong&gt; and consumes &lt;strong&gt;little energy&lt;/strong&gt; (e.g., by solution processing)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Large absorption coefficient&lt;/strong&gt;: only small amount of material needed in the device, another bonus point towards sustainability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;‘Unlimited’ options for &lt;strong&gt;tuning the optoelectronic properties&lt;/strong&gt; of organic materials by &lt;strong&gt;chemical design&lt;/strong&gt; (e.g., adding side-chains, modifying end groups or molecular core…)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Functional&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;esthetic features&lt;/strong&gt; such as lightweight, flexibility/bendability, transparency, color-tunability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compatibility with &lt;strong&gt;biological&lt;/strong&gt; systems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The diagram above shows how light-to-electricity conversion works in organic semiconductors, where the photoactive layer is typically a blend of an electron donor (D) and an electron acceptor (A). When photons arrive on the device:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Light is absorbed and a bound electron-hole pair (exciton) is created in D and A domains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Excitons diffuse at the D/A interface&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thanks to the difference between D and A energy levels (HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals) and interfacial charge transfer state is created, which is less bound than the original exciton&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Electrons and holes are fully separated and extracted at the contacts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite the impressive leaps in organic device performance achieved in recent years, there are several challenges to overcome, which makes organic optoelectronics a highly interesting and stimulating fields for curious new researchers:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The low dielectric constant of organic materials results in a high binding energy between electrons and holes generated under light (i.e., excitons). This requires careful optimization of materials and device design to &lt;strong&gt;enhance charge dissociation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organic materials are non-crystalline and prone to formation of &lt;strong&gt;traps and defects&lt;/strong&gt; which limit device performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Designing molecules with certain properties can be very &lt;strong&gt;complex for organic chemistry&lt;/strong&gt; (e.g., far infrared absorbers)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organic materials can be unstable and prone to &lt;strong&gt;degradation&lt;/strong&gt;, especially when utilized in devices under electrical field, high temperatures, sunlight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It is not trivial to adapt the fabrication process for organic devices when moving to &lt;strong&gt;large-scale industrial production&lt;/strong&gt; while preserving high performance (issues with reproducibility, large-area deposition, need for green solvents…)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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