課程大綱及授課單元:
本課程要介紹當代分析哲學幾個最重要的議題。同學們不需要具備哲學的背景。從笛卡兒(Descartes)的想法出發,我們將討論以下議題:第一、心智與世界之間的關係是什麼?
以知覺經驗為例,我們真的能直接知覺到外在世界嗎?或者我們只是經驗到大腦建構出來的影像?接著我們探討意識與大腦之間的關係。每一種意識狀態,
如:視覺、聽覺、覺得痛、癢、高興、難過等,都有其特質,給經歷者獨特的主觀體驗和感受。我們要討論:人的意識是否能完全由腦神經科學所解釋?
意識能不能完全被化約為腦神經生理的狀態或功能呢?在課程的後半部我們要研究自我意識(self-consciousness)。自我意識使認知者以某種方式意識到自己。
到底是什麼使得它有別於一般的意識狀態?要擁有自我意識是否需要具備複雜的概念能力?哲學在這個困難的議題上會和經驗科學互相影響。
我們也會討論人格同一性(personal identity):什麼是「我」? 作為人,我們與動物有本質上的差異嗎?在探討過意識和自我意識之後,
我們要問:人真的只是一種動物嗎?最後,我們會思考是否有神以及生命意義的問題。
I. Descartes’ Skepticism
II. The Problem of Perception
III. The Mind-Brain Problem
IV. Consciousness
V. Self-consciousness
VI. Personal Identity
VII.The Existence of God & the Meaning of Life
課程目標:
1. 引領學生了解並思考當代哲學的重要議題。
2. 提昇學生哲學閱讀及寫作能力。
課程要求:
1. Students are required to finish the weekly reading assignment before each class.
You will spend significant time in reading and thinking. You are expected to make efforts to read the texts closely, write clearly, and think through the problems. Hopefully, your efforts will be intellectually rewarding.
2. Those who miss either 3 classes, 3 homework assignments, Mid-term Exam, or Final Exam will be failed.
成績評量:
1.Participation: 10%
2. Homework: 40%
3. Mid-term Exam: 20%
4. Final Exam: 30%
進行方式:
Lectures and discussions.
*注意事項: 第一次上課未到者視同棄選,名額保留給其他同學。
指定用書:
1. Meditations on First Philosophy, René Descartes, translated by Donald Cress, Hackett Publishing Company, third edition, 1993.
2. Philosophy of Mind, by Jaegwon Kim, Westview Press, second edition, 2005.
參考用書:
1. Elements of Mind, by Tim Crane, Oxford University Press, 2001.
2. Problems of Knowledge: a Critical Introduction to Epistemology, by Michael Williams, Oxford University Press, 2001.
3. Shoemaker, “Self-Reference and Self-Awareness” Journal of Philosophy, LXV (1968): 555-567, JPR.
課程進度:
| TIME | TOPICS | READINGS | |
| 第1週 | Introduction | Mind, Consciousness and the Knowledge Argument | |
| 第2週 | Descartes’ skepticism & his answers | Meditations 1 | |
| 第3週 | Descartes’ skepticism & his answers | Meditations 2 | H1 |
| 第4週 | Descartes’ skepticism & his answers | Meditations 3 | |
| 第5週 | The problem of perception | Liang, “Perceptual Phenomenology & Direct Realism” | H2 |
| 第6週 | The problem of perception | Liang, “Perceptual Phenomenology & Direct Realism” | |
| 第7週 | The Mind-Body Problem & Cartesian Dualism | Kim, Philosophy of Mind, Ch. 2 | H3 |
| 第8週 | Physicalism and Functionalism | Kim, Philosophy of Mind, Ch. 4 & 5 | |
| 第9週 | Mid-Term Exam | | |
| 第10週 | What it is like to be a bat? | Thomas Nagel, The Journal of Philosophy, JPR | |
| 第11週 | Self-consciousness I | Lane & Liang, “Self-consciousness and Immunity” | H4 |
| 第12週 | Self-consciousness II | Lane & Liang, “Self-consciousness and Immunity” | |
| 第13週 | Personal Identity and Ontology | What am I? The Issues | H5 |
| 第14週 | Personal Identity and Ontology | What am I? The Animal View | |
| 第15週 | Personal Identity and Ontology | What am I? The Constitution View | H6 |
| 第16週 | Does God exist? | Science and God | |
| 第17週 | The meaning of life: observer vs. participant | A Proposal | |
| 第18週 | Final Exam | | |