Compiled 2005, by Jer-Ming Hu
Table. Inflorescence/flower development related genes among Arabidopsis, Antirrhinum, and rice (modified from Lohmann & Weigel 2002). NC: not characterized. Function and expression patterns are based on Arabidopsis unless noted. Many of the genes, including MADS-box, myb-domain, LEAFY-like, are all transcription factors.
|
Arabidopsis |
Antirrhinum |
Oryza |
Gene type |
Function |
Expression |
Notes & references |
|
Meristem identity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AGL24 |
|
|
|
Repressor of AP1/LFY |
Vegetative tissue and anthers |
Michaels et al. (2003) |
|
APETALA1 (AP1) |
SQUAMOSA (SQUA) |
osMADS7, 1 |
MADS-box |
Meristem identity |
Throughout the floral meristem from stages 1-2 |
Bowman et al. (1993); Ferrandiz et al. (2000) |
|
CAULIFLOWER (CAL) |
|
No homolog |
MADS-box |
Meristem identity |
Throughout the floral meristem |
Ferrandiz et al. (2000) |
|
FRUITFUL (FUL) |
|
|
MADS-box |
Meristem identity; fruit development, control of flowering time |
Inflorescence meristem, carpel valves, cauline leaves |
Ferrandiz et al. (2000) |
|
LEAFY (LFY) |
FLORICAULA (FLO) |
RFL |
DNA binding |
Meristem identity |
Only in plants |
Weigel et al. (1992) |
|
TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) |
|
RCN1 |
|
Inflorescence architecture |
|
Nakagawa (2002) |
|
Primordia initiation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) |
? |
No homolog |
AP2 domain |
Cell proliferation |
|
Liu et al. (2000) |
|
ASYMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) |
PHANTASTICA (PHAN) |
|
MYB-domain |
Cell differentiation |
Lateral organ primordia, in leaves |
Waites et al. (1998); Sun et al. (2002); Byrne et al. (2002) |
|
ASYMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2) |
|
|
MYB-domain |
Cell differentiation |
Lateral organ primordia |
|
|
CLAVATA1 |
|
|
Receptor kinase |
Shoot & floral meristem size; cell-cell communication |
Apical and floral meristem |
Clark et al. (1993) |
|
CLAVATA3 |
|
|
Receptor kinase |
Shoot & floral meristem size |
Apical and floral meristem |
Clark et al. (1995) |
|
CONSTANS (CO) |
|
Hd1 |
Zinc finger |
|
|
Hepworth et al. (2002) |
|
CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1/2 (CUC1, CUC2) |
|
|
NAC-domain |
Defining primordial boundaries |
|
Takada et al. (2001) |
|
ETTIN (ETT) |
|
|
bZIP; ARF family |
|
|
Sessions et al. (1997) |
|
FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) |
|
|
YABBY |
Polarity of primordia |
|
Siegfried et al. (1999) |
|
FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) |
|
No homolog |
MADS-box |
Control of flowering time |
Ubiquitous but undetectable at shoot apex after transition to flowering |
Michaels & Amasino (1999); Hepworth et al. (2002) |
|
FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) |
|
NC |
|
|
|
|
|
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) |
|
NC |
|
|
|
|
|
PERIANTHIA (PAN) |
|
|
bZIP; ARF family |
Shoot & floral meristem size; mutant shows 5-mer floral parts |
|
Running & Meyerowitz (1996); Chuang et al. (1999) |
|
PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) |
|
No homolog |
|
|
|
|
|
SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STAT) |
|
|
Knox |
|
|
Barton & Poethig (1993) |
|
SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) |
|
NC |
MADS-box |
Control of flowering time |
Shoot apical meristem before transition to flowering, young apex of co-florescence, leaves, young flower buds |
Hartmann et al. (2000) |
|
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 (SOC1) |
|
NC |
MADS-box |
Control of flowering time |
Shoot apical meristem, leaves, flower buds |
Samach et al. (2000); Hepworth et al. (2002) |
|
ULTRAPETALA |
|
|
|
Shoot & floral meristem cell accumulation |
|
Fletcher (2001) |
|
YABBY2/YABBY3 (YAB2/YAB3) |
|
|
YABBY |
Polarity of primordia |
|
Bowman (2000) |
|
ABC genes: A class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
APETALA1 (AP1) |
- (squamosa does not show A class mutant phenotype) |
osMADS7, 1 |
MADS-box |
Organ identity |
Throughout the floral meristem from stages 1-2; specific to whorls 1 & 2 after stage 2 |
Ferrandiz et al. (2000) |
|
APETALA2 (AP2) |
LIPLESS1 (LIP1) LIPLESS2 (LIP2) |
? |
AP2 domain |
Organ identity |
|
Bowman et al. (1989, 1991); Drew et al. (1991); Keck et al. (2003) |
|
AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) |
? |
No homolog |
AP2 domain |
Cell proliferation |
|
Long & Barton (2000); Krizek et al. (2000) |
|
LEUNIG (LUG) |
? |
|
WD40 repeats |
Tup1-like corepressor |
|
Liu & Meyerowitz (1995) |
|
STERILE APETALA (SAP) |
? |
|
|
|
|
Plant-specific, nuclear? |
|
? |
STYLOSA (STY) |
|
? |
|
|
Motte et al. (1998) |
|
? |
FISTULATA (FIS) |
|
? |
Inhibition of plena expression and promotion of lobe growth |
|
Motte et al. (1998); McSteen et al. (1998) |
|
ABC genes: B class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
APETALA3 (AP3) |
DEFICIENS (DEF) |
osMADS16 |
MADS-box |
Organ identity |
Whorls 2 & 3 from stage 3 |
Jack et al. (1992); Krizek & Meyerowitz (1996); Kang et al. (1998); Tröbner (2000) |
|
PISTILLATA (PI) |
GLOBOSA (GLO) |
osMADS2, 4 |
MADS-box |
Organ identity |
Whorls 2 & 3 from stage 3 |
Jack et al. (1992); Krizek & Meyerowitz (1996); Kang et al. (1998); Tröbner (2000) |
|
ABC genes: C/D/E class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AGAMOUS (AG) |
PLENA (PLE) & FARINELLI (FAR) |
osMADS3 |
MADS-box |
Organ identity |
Whorls 3 & 4 from stage 3 |
Yanofsky et al. (1990); Bradley et al. (1993); Kang et al. (1998); Davies et al. (1999) |
|
CRABS CLAW (CRC) |
? |
|
YABBY domain |
Adaxial-abaxial polarity |
|
Siegfried et al. (1999) |
|
HUA1 |
? |
|
|
Plant-specific, nuclear? |
|
Chen & Meyerowitz (1999) |
|
HUA2 |
? |
|
RNA-binding domain |
|
|
Chen & Meyerowitz (1999) |
|
SEEDSTICK (STK) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1) |
|
|
|
|
|
Pinyopich et al. (2003) |
|
SHATTERPROOF2 (SHP2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPATULA (SPT) |
? |
|
bHLH domain |
|
|
Heisler et la. (2001) |
|
SEPALLATA1-3 (SEP1-3) |
DEFH200/72/84 |
LHS1/OsM24/OsM45 |
MADS-box |
Regulate activities of B- and C-class homeotic genes |
SEP1,2: all 4 whorls; SEP3: whorls 2-4 |
Pelaz et al. (2000) |
|
SEPALLLATA4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ABC gene cofactors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TSO1 |
|
|
|
Mutation of TSO1 shows abnormal sepals & lack other floral organs |
|
Liu et al. (1997) |
|
TB1 CYC PCF domain1 (TCP1) |
CYCLOIDEA |
|
|
Dorsoventral asymmetry |
|
Cubas et al. (2001); Clark & Coen (2002) |
|
|
DICHOTOMA |
|
|
Dorsoventral asymmetry |
|
Clark & Coen (2002) |
|
General ABC activators |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
? |
POLYPETALA (POLY) |
|
? |
Regulation of PLENA & control of organ primordia |
|
Clark & Coen (2002) |
|
General ABC repressors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURLY LEAF (CLF) |
? |
|
Polycomb group |
Cell division & elongation; Regulate homeotic genes, repress AGAMOUS |
|
Goodrich et al. (1997) |
|
EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS (EBS) |
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
|
EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) |
? |
|
|
|
|
Plant-specific, nuclear? |
|
EMBRYONIC FLOWER2 (EMF2) |
? |
|
Polycomb group |
|
|
|
|
INCURVATA2 (ICU2) |
? |
|
? |
Leaf dorsoventrality |
|
Jover-Gil et al. (2001) |
|
B class regulators |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPERMAN (SUP) |
OCTANDRA (OCT)? |
No homolog |
Zinc finger |
Mutant shows overproduction of stamens and reduced carpel |
Thrid whorl |
Bowman et al. (1992); Sakai et al. (1995, 2000) |
|
UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) |
FIMBRIATA (FIM) |
No homolog |
F box |
Organ identity |
|
Levin & Meyerowitz (1995) |
|
? |
CHORIPETALA |
|
|
|
|
Wilkinson et al. (2000) |
|
? |
DESPENTEADO |
|
? |
|
|
Wilkinson et al. (2000) |
|
C class regulators |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WUSCHEL (WUS) |
? |
|
Homeodomain |
|
|
Laux et al. (1996); Lohmann et al. (2001) |