社 區 保 育 研 究 室 |
社區取向的保育論述與方法 |
授課:盧道杰 聯絡:djlu@ntu.edu.tw,分機:4115,森林系航測館二樓505室 時間:每週四2-4節 9:10-12:0 教室:森林系館林三教室
1. 介紹社區保育的論述 2. 講解質性研究法在社區保育的應用 3. 導引同學實作練習相關的方法
社區保育係小尺度的參與式的自然資源保育與經營管理的思考取向,是近二、三十年來對傳統菁英集權指導式取向的一種反思,其著眼於權益關係者特別是在地社群的在地知識、地緣關係與其與資源及土地間的互動,可以在保育與經營管理上扮演積極與重要的角色。社區保育因為要涵括在地社群,要瞭解在地脈絡,要連結權益關係者,因此借重質性研究法的場合多。本課程的重點即在介紹自然資源保育與管理上參與式取向的崛起與發展,以社區為尺度的操作方式,特別引介該領域經常應用到的一些質性研究方法。期盼學理、技術與實作並重,以能建構同學相關的知識與與研究技能。
評分: 本課程包括每週三小時上課,以講解、影片、實作與隨堂討論並重的方式進行,相關習作、練習、課堂表現、心得報告與期末考為評分的主要依據。
主要授課內容如次: 一、理論篇(四至五週) 自然資源與參與的議題(1週) Loikkanen, Teppo and Pauli Wallenius. 1999. Participatory Approach to Natural Resource Management – A Guide Book. Forest and Park Service, Metsahallitus, Finland. 盧道杰,2001。參與、共管與自然資源經營管理。發表於「國家公園生物多樣性保育策略研討會」,2001年9月13、14日,內政部營建署、中華民國國家公園學會、台灣大學動物學系,台北。 Zazueta, Aaron. 1995. Policy hits the ground: participation and equity in environmental policy-making. World Resources Institute.
社會人文系統與生態系統的連結(1週) Berkes, F. and Folke, C.(ed.) 1998. Linking social and ecological systems – management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge University Press.(Chapter 1 Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability.) Berkes, Fikret. 1999. Sacred Ecology – Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Taylor & Francis.
經營管理體制與施行機制(1週) Feeny, N., Berkes, F., McCay B.J. and Acheson,m J.M. 1990. The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later, Human Ecology, 18(1): 1-19. Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the commons – the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press. Burger, Joanna, Christopher Field, Richard B. Norgaard, Elinor Ostrom and David Policansky. 2001. Common-Pool Resources and Commons Institutions – An Overview of the Applicability of the Concept and Approach to Current Environmental Problems. In “Protecting Framework for Resource Management in the Americas.” Edited by Joanna Burger, Elinor Ostrom, Richard B. Norgaard, David Policansky and Bernard D. Goldstein, p1-15. Island Press. Ostrom, Elinor. Reformulating the Commons. In “Protecting Framework for Resource Management in the Americas.” Edited by Joanna Burger, Elinor Ostrom, Richard B. Norgaard, David Policansky and Bernard D. Goldstein, p17-41. Island Press.
挑戰與轉折—新世代的資源管理思考,伙伴與共管的議題(1週) 社區保育 Western, David and R. Michael Wright. 1994. Natural connections - perspectives in community-based conservation. Island Press. Gilmour, D.A. and R.J. Fisher. 1998. Evolution in community forest: contesting forest resources. In “Community Forestry at a Crossroads: Reflections and future Directions in the Development of Community Forestry”, p27-44, edited by Victor, M., Lang, C. and Jeff Bornemeier. Proceedings of an International Seminar. RECOFTC Report No.16. Bangkok, Thailand Stevens, Stan. 1997. Conservation through cultural survival: indigenous peoples and protected areas. Washington, DC : Island Press, 361pp. Stolten, Sue. and Dudkey, Nigel. 1999. Partnerships for protection – new strategies for planning and management for protected areas. Earthscan.
社區取向的保育思維與共有財產制在自然資源管理上的運用(1週) 盧道杰,2001。宜蘭無尾港野生動物保護區經營管理之回顧—棲地保護與社區參與。發表於「宜蘭無尾港野生動物保護區生態研討會」,2001年12月29日,宜蘭技術學院與宜蘭縣政府,宜蘭。 盧道杰,2001。社區發展與溪魚棲地保育—嘉義縣阿里山鄉山美村的達娜伊谷自然生態公園。發表於「2001年環境資源經濟、管理暨系統分析學術研討會」,2001年10月19日,中央研究院經濟研究所、台北大學資源管理研究所與成功大學環境工程學系,台北。
期中考、期末考、期終檢討(三週)
二、技術篇(十週) 主要教科書 齊力、林本炫(編),2003。質性研究方法與資料分析。南華教研所。 Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., 1990. Basics of qualitative research - grounded theory procedures and techniques. USA : Sage Publications.(中譯本:徐宗國,1997。質性研究概論。台北巨流) 吳芝儀、廖梅花(譯),2001。質性研究入門—紮根理論研究方法。濤石文化,台中。譯自Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., 1998. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and Practices for Developing Grounded Theory. Second Edition. USA : Sage Publications. Mason, Jennifer. 1996. Qualitative Researching. Sage
參與式自然資源經營管理與質性研究(0.5週)個案與方法論為主 Barton, T., Borrini-Feyerabend, G., de Sherbinin, A. and P. Warren (1997). Our People, Our Resources, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.(總圖參考室指定閱讀) Borrini-Feyerabend, Grazia. 1997. Beyond Fences-Seeking Social Sustainability in Conservation. IUCN.
如何進行質化研究(題目的找尋、研究流程與思維架構);(0.5週) Mason, Jennifer. 1996. Qualitative Researching. Sage
紮根理論;(1-1.5週)擬定題目,如何實際地考量其可能性 吳芝儀、廖梅花(譯),2001。質性研究入門—紮根理論研究方法。濤石文化,台中。譯自Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., 1998. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and Practices for Developing Grounded Theory. Second Edition. USA : Sage Publications.
參與觀察;(1週)活動題目與地點:圖書館、小福消費行為(重點在觀察什麼?想知道什麼?怎麼累積資料?) 王昭正、朱瑞淵(譯),1999。參與觀察法。弘智文化。譯自Jorgensen, Danny L. 1989. Participant Observation. USA: Sage. 張英陣(校閱),2000。質性研究與社會工作,台北:巨流圖書公司。譯自Padgett, D. K. , 1998. Qualitative methods in social work research – challenges and rewards. USA: Sage。(第六章:資料蒐集)
訪談;(1週)活動題目與地點: 李奉儒、高淑清、鄭瑞隆、林麗菊、吳芝儀、洪志成、蔡清田等譯,2001。質性教育研究—理論與方法。濤石文化事業公司。譯自Bogdau, Robert C. and Sari Knopp Bilklem., Qualitative Research For Education – An Introduction to Theory and Methods. (3rd Edition)(第七章:質的訪談) Mason, Jennifer. 1996. Qualitative Researching. Sage(Chapter 3 Generating Qualitative Data: Interviewing) 張英陣(校閱),2000。質性研究與社會工作,台北:巨流圖書公司。譯自Padgett, D. K. , 1998. Qualitative methods in social work research – challenges and rewards. USA: Sage。(第六章:資料蒐集)
焦點團體(1週);活動題目與地點:市場消費行為的討論,小組
行動研究;(1週)活動題目與地點: 吳美枝、何理思(譯),2001。行動研究—生活實踐家的研究錦囊。濤石:台中。譯自You and Your Action Research Project, 1996, by McNiff, Jean, Pamela Lomax and Jack Whitehead.
PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal)、社區(部落)地圖(1週)19、26 December Rambaldi, Giacomo and Jasmin Callosa-Tarr. 2000. Manual on participatory 3-dimensional medeling for natural resources management. Essentials of protected area management in the Philippines, Vol. 7 NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. Eghenter, Cristna. 2000. Mapping peoples’ forests: the role of mapping in planning community-based management of conservation areas in Indonesia. Peoples. Forests and Reefs (PeFoR) Program discussion paper series, BSP. Chambers, Robert. 1994. The origins and practice of Participatory Rural Appraisal. World Development, 22(7): 953-969. WRI. 1991. Participatory Rural Appraisal Handbook. 盧道杰,2001。部落地圖與自然資源經營管理。發表於「部落地圖研習營」,2001年8月13-15日,太魯閣國家公園管理處,花蓮。 盧道杰,2001。在地參與與部落地圖。發表於「原住民與生物多樣性保育研討會」,2001年7月19-21日,生態關懷者協會,新竹鎮西堡。 盧道杰,2001。參與式自然資源管理與部落地圖。收錄於『把人找回來—在地參與自然資源管理』,101-120頁。太魯閣國家公園管理處印行。
文獻回顧與內容分析;(1週)編碼、理論觸覺、取樣與建構故事軸 吳芝儀、廖梅花(譯),2001。質性研究入門—紮根理論研究方法。濤石文化,台中。譯自Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., 1998. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and Practices for Developing Grounded Theory. Second Edition. USA : Sage Publications.(第二篇 編碼程序)
寫作與評量;(1週)三角測量法 顧瑜君(譯),1998。質性研究寫作。五南圖書出版公司。譯自Wolcott, Harry F., 1990. Writing up qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage。
研究倫理與價值觀的議題。(1週) 嚴祥鸞(主編),1998。危險與秘密:研究倫理,台北:三民。
擬用教科書 分為基礎參考教材與進一步參考教材兩類,基礎教材中的文章或有列出部分章節的書籍為授課內容直接相關者,希望選修者列為必讀教材。基礎教材中所列書籍其餘章節與進一步參考教材則為參考閱讀的教材。
余玉眉、田聖芳、蔣欣欣編,1991。質性研究—田野研究法於護理學之應用,台北:巨流圖書公司。 胡幼慧(主編),1996。質性研究—理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流圖書公司。 陳孟君(譯),1996。量化的反思:重探社會研究的邏輯。譯自Lieberson, S., Making it count: the improvement of social research and theory。台北:巨流. 裴家騏等(編著),2001。把人找回來—在地參與自然資源管理。太魯閣國家公園管理處印行。 盧道杰,2001。保護區管理的國際新趨勢。發表於「保護區管理的國際新趨勢」研討會,2001年5月29、30日。內政部營建署、中華民國國家公園學會、太魯閣國家公園管理處、台灣大學地理環境資源學系。台北、花蓮。 Baland, Jean-Marie and Jean-Philippe Platteau. 1996. Halting degradation of natural resources – is there a role of rural communities? FAO and Oxford University Press. Barton, T., G. Borrini-Feyerabend, A. de Sherbinin and P. Warren. 1997. Our people, our resources - supporting rural communities in participatory action research on population dynamics and the local environment. IUCN. Borrini-Feyerabend, G. 2000. Co-management of Natural Resources: Organising, Negotiating and Learning by Doing, IUCN, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Carew-Reid, J., R. Prescott-Allen, S. Bass and B. Dalal-Clayton. 1994. Strategies for national sustainable development – a handbook for their planning and implementation. IUCN, IIED and Earthscan. Carney, Diana and John Farrington. 1998. Natural Resource Management and Institutional Change.(Chapter 1. Introduction p1-8; Chapter 2. The nature of the problems p9-20.) Chambers, Robert. 1997. Whose reality counts? putting the first last. Intermediate Technology Publications. Farrington, John. 1996. Social-Economic Methods in Natural Resources Research. ODI, Natural Resource Perspectives, Number 9, July 1996. Hanna, S., Folke, C. and Maler, K. 1996. Rights to nature – ecological, economic, cultural, and political principles of institutions for the environment. Island Press. Holechek, J., Cole, r., Fisher, J. and Valdez, R. 2000. Natural resources – ecology, economic, and policy. Prentice-Hall. Ingles, Andrew W., Arne Musch and Helle Qwist-Hoffmann. 1999. The Participatory Process for Supporting Collaborative Management of Natural Resources: An Overview. FAO, Rome. Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B., 1999. Designing qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Maxwell, J. A., 1996. Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. McNeely, J. A. (edit). 1995. Expanding partnerships in conservation. Island Press. Owen, O., D. Chiras, and J. Reganold. 1998. Natural resource conservation. (seventh edition) Prentice Hall.(Chapter 1. Natural Resources Conservation and Management: Past, Present, and Future;Chapter 2. Economic and Ethics: Foundations of a Sustainable Future;Chapter 14. Forest Management.) Owen, O., D. Chiras, and J. Reganold. 1998. Natural resource conservation. (seventh edition) Prentice Hall. Peluso, Nancy Lee, Matt Turner and Louise Fortmann. 1994. Introducing community forestry : annotated listing of topics and readings. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Salafsky, Nick, Richard Margoluis, Kent Redford. 2001. Adaptive Management: A Tool for Conservation Practitioners. BSP. Signh, K. and Ballabh, V. 1996. Cooperative management of natural resources. Sage. (Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview. p13-38). Signh, K. and Ballabh, V. 1996. Cooperative management of natural resources. Sage. Stan, Burkey. 1993. People first – a guide to self-reliant participatory rural development. Zed Books Ltd. Victor, M., Lang, C. and Jeff Bornemeier. 1998. Community Forestry at a Crossroads: Reflections and future Directions in the Development of Community Forestry, Proceedings of an International Seminar. RECOFTC REPORT No.16. Bangkok, Thailand. Whyte, William Foote (ed.) 1991. Participatory Action Research. Sage Publications, Inc. Wilcox, David. 1994. The guide to effective participation. Partnership Books. Wolcott, Harry F. 1990. Writing up qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
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