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Bundling, Quality Choice, and Welfare

Hui-Ling Chung

 

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This paper investigates the quality competition and the welfare effects of commodity bundling by a multi-product firm in a vertically differentiated industry.  We discuss two cases in which a multi-product firm bundles a high (low) quality product against a low (high) quality rival firm in the competitive market.

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Within the context of bundled high quality good, we show that bundling reduces the quality level of competitive good produced by both firms and decreases the consumer surplus and welfare.  The main reason is that multi-product firm uses bundling to extend its monopoly power to the competitive market to take more profits from rival firm by means of lower its own quality.  In order to mitigate the competition, the best response of rival firm is to further differentiate the quality levels, which induces rival firm to bring down its own quality level, too. 

On the contrary, under the bundled low quality good case, bundling raises the quality level of competitive good, enhances the consumer surplus, and may increase the welfare. Although bundling alters the optimal quality level in the two cases, there is no discrepancy in the two equilibrium quality differentiation of the competitive market.

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