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Exclusionary Bundling

¡V The motive for mergers

Sue H. Mialon

Working paper (2010)

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    In 2001, the European Commission (EC) blocked the $42 billion merger between GE and Honeywell, which had been approved earlier by US antitrust authorities. The primary reason to block the merger was that it would facilitate the bundling of aircraft engines and systems to which competitors would not be able to effectively respond. This paper models how exclusionary bundling motivates mergers.

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Firms in two unrelated markets may want to merge only to bundle, even though bundling is possible without a merger. This is because merger is necessary in order to use bundling for an exclusionary purpose. Independently of a merger, firms can always improve their profits from pure bundling. In contrast, a merger is never profitable if not combined with bundling. Moreover, it is more profitable to bundle through strategic alliance than through merger in the short run. Thus, firms choose to merge only if the merger can lead to foreclosure. Although the merger results in losses to a rival in only one of the two markets, foreclosure occurs in both markets, since the other rival firm alone cannot compete against a bundle.

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