庶民風標：臺灣廟會演劇的綜藝性與功利性  309

前言  309

一、臺灣廟會演劇的綜藝品味  311

（一）演出內容

（二）審美好尚

（三）演出方式

二、臺灣廟會演劇的功利性格  319

（一）赤裸的功利訴求

（二）無所不在的功利環節

結語：狂歡以酬神、務實逐利的庶民風標  327

附錄 ：2002年三重市護山宮慶祝護山尊王誕辰祖會請戲一覽表  331

【提要】

當代臺灣廟會演劇，在形式風貌上，表現了高度的綜藝性；其運作經營，則由環環相扣的逐利機制組合而成。臺灣廟會演劇的「綜藝性」與「功利性」相較於其他華人生活地區的酬神演劇可謂極為凸出，卻很容易從生成背景加以解釋。

演出通俗戲劇是臺灣廟會的傳統，今天所見的「綜藝性」卻來自長期浸淫於商業劇場的歷史背景。目前臺灣廟會演劇的主流劇種為歌仔戲，透過特殊的「說故事」方式，其表演內容及審美好尚都表現了高度的綜藝性，這和它採取幕表即興的表演方式有絕大的關係。即興戲劇運作產生的必然結果，包括娛樂本質、技藝主體、拼貼風格等，正是形塑廟會歌仔戲綜藝性的三大特質。

「酬神演劇」是民間信仰行為「祈求－獲得－酬謝」的最終環節，本來就帶有功利性質。整個酬神演劇環境的運作，即由環環相扣的功利關係組合而成。人們一方面各盡其力，一方面又各取所需的從中獲取錢財和好處，正是務實以逐利的庶民精神與生活最生動的詮釋。雖然廟會酬神的歌仔戲演出與民眾日常娛樂已經日漸脫節，仍不失為觀察臺灣社會庶民價值觀與娛樂審美觀的典型標記。

闗鍵詞：臺灣、酬神演劇、綜藝性、功利性、歌仔戲。

The Plebeian Style: Entertainment and Utilitarian Aspects of Temple Theatre in Taiwan

Abstract

In terms of form and style, the temple theatre in Taiwan is highly entertaining. How it is organized is closely related to the mechanism of profit seeking. In comparison with other temple theatres among Chinese communities, whose sole function is to pay homage to gods, the Taiwan brand that emphasizes both entertainment and utilitarianism is quite unique. This can be explained by the social background from which it flourished.

Performing popular plays has been a tradition of Taiwanese temples. The ever-present element of entertainment is the result of commercial influences. The plays were for the most part staged by troupes of Ge-zai Xi which put great emphasis on entertainment. This has to do with its special ways of storytelling and the improvisational nature of its performance style, resulting in the three characteristics of Taiwanese temple theatre: the desire to entertain, the aim to showcase talents and skills, and the style of collage.

As a culmination of folk region that goes through the stages of praying for something, being rewarded accordingly, and thanking the gods, the temple theatre is in itself utilitarian. The management as well as operation of the festivity is closely related to a network of relationships that are primarily profit oriented. On the one hand, those involved do their best to fulfill their religious obligations. On the other hand, they never lose sight of profitable opportunities. This aspect of practicality or pragmatism is what characterizes the common folks best. Although the kind of entertainment offered by the temple theatre has enjoyed less and less popularity in modern age, the study of them serves the purposes of understanding the value system and the aesthetic standards embraced by common folks.

（紀蔚然譯）

Key words: Taiwan, temple theatre, entertainment, utilitarian, Ge-zai Xi.