Translation
is the art of erasing oneself in order to speak in another's voice.
– David Cole, professor, author, and correspondent (b. 1958)
Indispensable reference
works:
(1) Rodale, J.I., ed. The Synonym Finder.
New York: Warner Books, 1978 (originally published by the Rodale Press). Taiwan
reprint available at 書林 Bookman Books.
(2) 新世紀漢英大辭典 A New Century Chinese-English
Dictionary. 外語教學與研究出版社, 2003. Purchase at 秋水堂
(Or: 漢英辭典. 修訂版. 1995. 北京:主編:危東亞; currently difficult to get).
(3) A good desktop English-English dictionary,
like Webster’s, Merriam-Webster’s, American Heritage, or Random House. The
online version of Merriam-Webster’s is available here: http://www.m-w.com/home.htm
Note: English-Chinese dictionaries are useful for many purposes, but don’t
trust them blindly; check again in a good English-English dictionary.
You will finds lots more online reference works
here.
Search engine:
Use Google. You can set it for English, Chinese,
Chinese traditional characters, or Taiwan Websites only; each is useful for
different purposes.
Online Pinyin tools:
(1) Convert zhuyin fuhao to Hanyu Pinyin:
This tool will convert zhuyin fuhao (better known as bopomofo or bpmf) to Hanyu
Pinyin.
http://www.pinyin.info/tools/converter/bpmf2hp.html
(2) Pinyin tone tool: Type out
the Pinyin spellings with numbers for the tones, and this online tool puts in
the correct tone markings for you.
http://toshuo.com/pinyin-tone-tool/#
Elements of Chinese to English translation:
(1) Make sure you fully understand the Chinese
original, including specialized vocabulary, background, assumptions and associations,
idioms, slang, and allusions.
(2) Word-for-word translation may be helpful for
your rough draft, but right from the beginning it is better if you can “hear”
a native-speaking English voice in your head expressing the ideas of the Chinese
original in a credible and natural way in English. If you speak English well,
you will translate well. If your English is based mainly on memorized (or looked-up)
vocabulary and grammar rules, your translations may not flow and sound natural.
Read your work aloud after you have finished it to catch mistakes and test for
naturalness. Listen to your “gut”, the way you would do for Chinese!
(3) Pay attention to regional differences; decide
beforehand whether to use US or British or some other variety of English; it
will affect vocabulary, spelling and grammar. The same expression can mean very
different things in the two dialects, e.g. to table a motion means ‘to bring
up a motion’ in UK English, but ‘to remove from consideration indefinitely’
in US English, just the opposite of the UK meaning; to perform erratically is
‘to play up’ in British English, but ‘to act up’ in US English. In UK English
you can say ‘to prevent someone doing something’; in US English you must add
a preposition: ‘to prevent someone from doing something’. There are further
differences in Canadian, US, South African, and other varieties of English.
Inconsistency will confuse the reader.
(4) When in doubt about a phrase, do a Google
search on it to see how common it is, paying attention to where the site is
based. If there are very few hits, the phrase may need some revision. The most
important thing in translation is knowing when you do not know something. It’s
OK not to know something, long as you know you don’t know it, so you can look
it up or ask. If you assume you know something, even ignoring the feeling that
a usage or idea is a bit odd, you are certain to make many mistakes.
(5) Use correct Romanization for Chinese personal
and place names and special terms. The current standard is Hanyu Pinyin, but
different passages may have different requirements.
(6) Pay attention to register, that is, the correct
level of language you are using, and the tone it communicates.
(7) Get feedback from each other before finalizing
your translation.
(8) Use a spell checker, and a grammar checker
too, if you find it helpful.
(9) Learn and use good format, appropriate to
the type of text you are translating.
Practice texts for translation: 3/6/08
Practice text for translation: 4/9/08 pdf format
Fun:
Actual English subtitles used in films from Hong Kong
(1) Try to reconstitute the original Chinese sentences.
(2) Correct the English.
http://www.laughbreak.com/lists/subtitles.html