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A Research on “He Tu” in “Last Will” of Shangshu as Yu's Map -- concurrently discuss the symbolic meaning of precious wares in Dong Xi Xu
All the eight precious wares displayed in the ritual of “Last Will” of Zhoushu bear resemblance to each other, with certain symmetrical relations and moral echoes, thus enabling scholars to investigate and judge the features of “He Tu” among the precious wares. In the list of Xi Xu, the emphasis is on highlighting the inheritance of monarchical principles; in the list of Dong Xu, the emphasis is on the responsibility of the suzerain . Among the two sets of sacrificial utensil displayed in Dong Xu, “Da Yu” and “Yi Yu” symbolize the inclusiveness of both Yi and Xia cultures in a spatial context, while “Tian He”, which are “Tang Qiu” and “Yu Tu,” are the temporal symbols of succession of Zhou’s three generations. In the context of exhibiting precious wares of “Last Will,” it is appropriate to associate Dong Xu “He Tu” with Emperor Yu’s flood control achievements. Semantically, interpreting the “Tu” in “He Tu” as a map offers a more objective understanding. From the perspective of the origin of relevant legends, it is more logical to link the “original He Tu” with Emperor Yu. Based on comprehensive corroborative evidence, that Dong Xu “He Tu” was received by Yu and related to his flood management achievements stands as the most reasonale interpretation among various theories about “He Tu” in posterity.
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Koay, Su-In
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2
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The Predicament of the Medicine-Illness Metaphor and Zhu Xi’s Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius
Zhu Xi considers that the focus of studying should revolve around how the sages teach people to cultivate their virtues, which is analogous to the way medicine treats diseases. Employing the metaphor of “Moral is Health” as the core concept, Zhu Xi developed a model for interpreting the Analects of Confucius through the metaphor of using medicine to cure illness. However, the medicine-illness metaphor, which has been extensively discussed by scholars throughout the ages, results in the problem of identifying “medicine” to the teachings of Confucius and associating “illness” with students, leading to a confrontational relationship between teachers and students. This study attempts to investigate the methodology concerning the implicit aspects of Zhu Xi’s interpretation based on Contemporary Metaphor Theory. Accordingly, this essay contends that Zhu Xi’s medicine-illness metaphor is inadequate to encompass Confucius’s pedagogical approach; thus, this study seeks to explicate the explicit and implicit features of metaphors, the active involvement of overcoming illness, the coexistence of medicine and toxicity, and the fluid attributes of medicine and illness, e.g., drug-induced disease and the ameliorating effect from one disease to another. On the other hand, this study compares and contrasts different approaches to the notion of illness between Confucius and Zhu Xi by means of illustrating the positive effects and consequences of illness—including the process of self-healing and self-efficacy—addressed in the Analects of Confucius.
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Hsu, Yung-ching
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3
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Zhang Tai-Yang’s Philosophy of the Equality of Things and the Overcoming of Modernity
Zhang Tai-Yang interprets Zhuangzi through the lens of Buddhism and provides his meticulous commentaries on the “Discourse of Equality of Things,” based on which he develops a set of philosophies of equal regard for all things that is applicable to the world. From Zhang’s perspective, Zhuangzi’s philosophy is the optimal approach to engaging with the mundane world. Hence, he responded to contemporary issues in China through the lens of Zhuangzi’s philosophy, contemplating how China should integrate the achievements of Western modernization so as to overcome modernity. As such, this paper underlines the theoretical affinities between Zhang’s notion of the Equality of Things and the idea of overcoming modernity.
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Chung, Chen-yu
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4
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The Subdimensions of Religion as Medium between the Sacred Spiritual World and the Secular Material World: A Probe into the Systemic Hermeneutics of Religion
In contrast to the traditional philosophy of religion and modern religious studies, which have attempted to define religion itself but have arrived at no consensus, this article undertakes a preliminary exploration and organization of the fundamental characteristics and the subdimensions of religion, thereby taking a detour to present the intrinsicality of religion. This essay begins with the investigation of typology—the eight basic types of philosophy of religion and religious studies that are integrated and transformed into the hermeneutics of religion through a hermeneutic turn—and subsequently explicates the fundamental characteristics and categories of religion through such typological and hermeneutic approach. In addition, this essay contends that the following subdimensions of religion are unveiled by the typological approach and the hermeneutic turn: doctrine, teachings, and the subdimension of religious view; history, culture, and the subdimension of religious contexts; sentience, experience, and the subdimension of religious psychology; value, norm, and the subdimension of religious ethics; community, organization, and the subdimension of religious sociology; art, the classics, and the subdimension of religious language.
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Luh, Jing-jong
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